How the New Deal Redefined the American State
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The New Deal was a sweeping series of federal programs enacted between 1933 and 1938 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression through relief, recovery, and reform.
Roosevelt won a landslide in 1932 as unemployment climbed toward 25 percent and roughly 9,490 banks failed, and his first hundred days produced the Emergency Banking Act and the Glass Steagall Act, which created the FDIC to insure deposits.
Work programs put millions to work, with the Civilian Conservation Corps employing about three million young men and the Public Works Administration and later the Works Progress Administration building bridges, parks, and libraries.
The Second New Deal added the Social Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protecting union organizing, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set a 40 hour workweek and a national minimum wage.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Tennessee Valley Authority extended federal oversight into markets and regional development.
These institutions built an enduring social safety net and forged a New Deal coalition that shaped American politics for decades.
By permanently expanding the federal role in the economy, the initiative redefined the relationship between the government and its citizens.
Roosevelt won a landslide in 1932 as unemployment climbed toward 25 percent and roughly 9,490 banks failed, and his first hundred days produced the Emergency Banking Act and the Glass Steagall Act, which created the FDIC to insure deposits.
Work programs put millions to work, with the Civilian Conservation Corps employing about three million young men and the Public Works Administration and later the Works Progress Administration building bridges, parks, and libraries.
The Second New Deal added the Social Security Act, the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protecting union organizing, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which set a 40 hour workweek and a national minimum wage.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and the Tennessee Valley Authority extended federal oversight into markets and regional development.
These institutions built an enduring social safety net and forged a New Deal coalition that shaped American politics for decades.
By permanently expanding the federal role in the economy, the initiative redefined the relationship between the government and its citizens.
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